A general term for bare karstic rocks outcropping at the surface of the ground. It embraces karst areas without any initial cover (naked karst) or exposed by erosion of the residuum and soil (denuded karst) or of the allochthonous cover (exhumed karst) [20]. Karst topography in which cover is absent [17]. Synonyms: (French.) karst expose; (German.) nackter Karst, oberflachlicher Karst, wiederaufgedeckter Karst; (Greek.) akalypton karst; (Italian.) carso denudato; (Russian.) goly karst, otkryty karst; (Spanish.) karst subaero; (Turkish.) belirgin karst; (Yugoslavian.) ljuti krs. See also denuded karst; exhumed karst; naked karst.