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capillary percolation See imbibition.
capillary potential The scalar quantity that represents the work required to move a unit mass of water from the soil to a ...
capillary pressure The difference in pressure across the interface between two immiscible fluid phases jointly occupying the interstices of a porous medium ...
capillary rise The height above a free water surface to which water will rise by capillary action [22]. Synonymous with height of ...
capillary stalagmite Hollow stalagmite formed by saturated karst water pushed up through capillaries and small cracks in a sinter crust covering permeable ...
capillary tension See moisture tension.
capillary water 1. Water held in the soil above the phreatic surface by capillary forces [22]. 2. Soil water above hydroscopic moisture ...
carabiner An oval of steel or aluminum with a movable spring-loaded gate on one side. A locking carabiner is one where ...
carbide lamp A carbide lamp, also known as a miners' carbide lamp or acetylene lamp was introduced into mine use at about ...
carbide, calcium carbide A compound (CaC2) of grayish color that reacts with water to produce acetylene gas and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] [13]. Commonly ...
carbonate 1. A salt or ester of carbonic acid; a compound containing the radical 31 CO3 -2, such as calcium carbonate, ...
carbonate hardness Hardness of water due to presence of dissolved bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium which can be removed by boiling and ...
carbonate rock A rock that consists of one or more carbonate minerals. Carbonate rock successions (or sequences) are those in which carbonate ...
carbonate-fluorapatite A cave mineral - Ca5(PO4,CO3)3F [11].
carbonate-hydroxylapatite A cave mineral - Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH) [11].
carbonic acid dissolution Dissolution of calcium carbonate by carbon dioxide in aqueous solution, loosely termed carbonic acid, is the dominant reaction in karst ...
carnivore An animal that lives by eating the flesh of other animals [23]. See also herbivore; insectivore; omnivore.
cascading water In reference to wells, ground water which trickles or pours down the casing or uncased borehole above the water level ...
casing Permanent liner of a well [16].
casing joint Welded or threaded connection for tubular casing [16].
casing, surface That part of a well casing that extends above land surface [16].
catch basin 1. A reservoir or basin into which surface water may drain. 2. A basin to collect and retain material from ...
catchment (Great Britain.) 1. An area into which surface water may drain. 2. A depression that collects rainwater (e.g., reservoir).
cation An ion having a positive charge and, in electrolytes, characteristically moving towards a negative electrode [6].
cation exchange Ion exchange process in which cations in solution are exchanged for other cations from an ion exchanger [6].
cation exchange capacity The sum total of exchangeable cations that a porous medium can absorb. Expressed in moles of ion charge per kilogram ...
causse (French.) A limestone plateau in the southeastern part of the central massif of France characterized by closed depressions, caves, and ...
cave 1. 'A natural home in the ground, large enough for human entry' is probably the most useful definition. This covers ...
cave balloon See cave blister.
cave blister 1. A small pimplelike cave formation, roughly oval in shape, generally loose, and having a core of mud [10]. 2. ...