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bedload The part of the total stream load that is moved on or immediately above the stream bed, such as the ...
bedrock Solid rock underlying unconsolidated material [16].
belay A safety rope tied around a caver that is played out or taken in by a second person as the ...
bench mark A relatively permanent mark, natural or artificial, furnishing a survey point at a known elevation in relation to an adopted ...
bend Curve in a water course [16].
bentonite A colloidal clay, largely made up of the mineral sodium montmorillonite, a hydrated aluminum silicate [6].
beudantite A cave mineral - PbFe3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 [11].
bicarbonate A salt containing the radical HCO3 -1, such as Ca(HCO3)2 [10].
bifurcation The forklike separation of a water course into two arms [16].
bifurcation ratio The ratio of the number of stream segments of a given order to the number of segments of next higher ...
biological clock An inherited timemeasuring process within a living thing, which governs its responses to certain external events [23].
biomass The total weight of living matter, whether in an entire community, at a particular trophic level, or of a particular ...
biomicrite A microscopic-textured limestone composed of skeletal grains in a matrix of micrite; micrite is a finely crystalline carbonate sediment with ...
biospeleology 1. The study of subterranean living organisms, particularly in karst caves and other openings in rock formations [9, 21]. 2. ...
biphosphammite A cave mineral - NH4H2PO4 [11].
birnessite A cave mineral - (Na,Ca)Mn7O14 3H2O [11].
blade In a cave, a thin sharp projection jutting out from roof, wall, or floor, of which it is an integral ...
blanket A thick layer of dripstone, not translucent [10]. See also bacon; curtain; drapery.
blind chimney See chimney.
blind shaft A vertical extension upwards from part of a cave, but not reaching the surface; small in area in relation to ...
blind valley 1. A karst valley abruptly terminated by the passage underground of the watercourse which has hitherto resisted the karst processes ...
bloedite A cave mineral - Na2Mg(SO4)2.4H2) [11].
blowhole 1. Opening in the roof of a cave or cavern through which air is expelled vigorously. In coastal areas the ...
blowing cave A cave out of which or into which a current of air flows intermittently [10].
blowing well A well or borehole into which air is sucked and from which air is blown (often with considerable velocity) due ...
blowout An uncontrolled escape of drilling fluid, gas, oil, or water from a well caused by the formation pressure being greater ...
blue hole 1. Deep resurgence pool, notably in Jamaica and Florida, that may have a blue color due to the presence of ...
bobbin A decender that opens to enclose the rope around two fixed pulleys. May have a handle ("STOP") which must be ...
bog Swamp [16].
bogaz 1. (Slavic.) An elongated depression in limestone or karst terrain; thus it embraces a defile, a blind valley or a ...