Glossary of Karst and Cave Terms

Field, M.S., 1999, A lexicon of cave and karst terminology with special reference to environmental karst hydrology: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, EPA/600/R-99/006, 201 p.

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Term	Description
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transmissivity	The rate at which water of the prevailing kinematic viscosity is transmitted through a unit width of an aquifer under ...		View
transpiration	The process by which water absorbed by plants, usually through the roots, is evaporated into the atmosphere from the plant ...		View
transpiration depth	The depth of water consumed annually by plants [16].		View
transpiration ratio	The ratio of water weight transpired to weight of dry matter produced [16].		View
transport	Conveyance of solutes and particulates in flow systems. See also solute transport; particulate transport [22].		View
transportational process	All processes contributing to the transport of eroded material [16].		View
transverse permeability	See permeability, transverse.		View
transverse wave	A wave generated by shearing displacement where wave motion is perpendicular to direction of propagation [16].		View
trap	See siphon; sump; water trap.		View
traverse	1. The commonest form of cave survey in which direction, distance and vertical angle between successive points are measured. 2. ...		View
travertine	1. Hard calcareous mineral deposited by flowing water, that is the same as the calcareous variety of sinter and comparable ...		View
travertine terraces	Terraces and related forms covered or composed of carbonates precipitated from water. Such precipitation is usually from saturated bicarbonate waters ...		View
trellis	A geometrical arrangement of an interwoven pattern [16].		View
trellis drainage pattern	A arrangement of stream and tributaries in a rectangular fashion [16].		View
tri-cam	A metalic devise placed in holes or cracks for use as an anchor [25]. Compare chock		View
tributary	A stream contributing its waters to another stream of higher order [16].		View
tributary river	A smaller stream entering and contributing to the flow of a larger river [16].		View
tributary valley	A less important valley joining a larger valley [16].		View
triple point	A point at which the solid, liquid, and vapor phases are in equilibrium [16].		View
tripoly	A very fine grained silica sand [16].		View
tritium	A short-lived isotope of hydrogen (?= 12.43 y) that is directly incorporated into the water molecule as 1H3HO or 1HTO ...		View
troglobite	1. An animal living permanently underground in the dark zone of caves and only accidentally leaving it [10]. 2. A ...		View
troglodyte	A human cave-dweller [10]. Examples would be early 'cave man'.		View
troglomorphy	The physical characteristics of a troglobite or stygobite; e.g., reduced eyes and pigment, elongated appendages, well-developed tactile and olfactory organs, ...		View
troglophile	1. "Cave lover." An animal that can complete its life cycle in caves, but may also do so in suitable ...		View
troglophobe	An animal or person unable physically or psychologically to enter the dark zone of a cave or other underground area ...		View
trogloxene	1. "Cave visitor." An animal that habitually enters caves, but must return periodically to the surface for certain of its ...		View
trophic levels	Feeding levels in a food chain, such as producers, herbivores, and so on. Most food chains include a maximum of ...		View
trough	A depression usually on the land surface, but can be found to occur in ground water.		View
true velocity	Ground-water flow velocity in porous interstice or cavernous opening [16].		View

Glossary references