Glossary of Karst and Cave Terms

Field, M.S., 1999, A lexicon of cave and karst terminology with special reference to environmental karst hydrology: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, EPA/600/R-99/006, 201 p.

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Term	Description
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tinajita	(Spanish.) See solution pan.		View
tinticite	A cave mineral - Fe6(PO4)4(OH)6.7H2O [11].		View
toadstone	Local term in the Peak District, England for lavas, tuffs and igneous intrusions within the local Carboniferous carbonate sequence.		View
topofil	A mechanical cave survey device that uses a roll of thread and a distance counter, a protractor to measure inclination ...		View
topographic divide	A crest line dividing one drainage basin from another [16]. See also divide.		View
topographic map	A map representing the land surface via the use of contour lines which are lines of equal elevation on the ...		View
topography	The physical features of a geographical area [16].		View
topsoil	The topmost portion of a soil profile [16].		View
torca	(Spanish.) Large closed depression, more or less circular; a doline [10].		View
torricellian chamber	A submerged air-- filled chamber of a cave at a pressure below atmospheric pressure, sealed by water, having an air-water ...		View
tortuosity	The ratio of actual length of pore channel to over all length of sample. The sinuosity of actual flow path ...		View
total dissolved solids, TDS	1. The total concentration of dissolved constituents in solution, usually expressed in milligrams per liter [22]. 2. The total concentration ...		View
total hydraulic head	See head, total.		View
total pore space	The sum of interconnected and noninterconnected pore space [16].		View
total runoff	The sum of all components of runoff into a stream [16].		View
total soil-water potential	The sum of the energy-related components of a soil-water system; i.e., the sum of the gravitational, matric, and osmotic components ...		View
tourelle	(French.) A little tower; applied to small flat-topped buttes of limestone in karst areas. Contrasted with pitons, which have pointed ...		View
tower karst, towerkarst, turmkarst	1. A spectacular variety of karst landscape dominated by steep or vertical sided limestone towers each 30-300m high. By far ...		View
trace	A short length of wire with fasteners used for attaching ladders and ropes to an anchor [25].		View
tracer gaging	Determining stream discharge by inserting a known quantity of dye and measuring its concentration after mixing [25]. Consists of either ...		View
tracer-flow method	A method of determining flow velocities and directions by introducing tracers or indicators into ground water [16].		View
tracers	Materials, such as chemicals, dyes, radioactive salts, and light insoluble solids introduced into underground waters to determine points of egress ...		View
traction load	See bed load.		View
tranquil flow	Open channel flow with Froude number smaller than unity [16].		View
transgression	The spreading of the sea over level areas [16].		View
transient	A pulse dampened oscillation or other temporary phenomena occurring in a system prior to reaching a steady-state condition [22]. See ...		View
transit time; travel time	The travel time of a sonic impulse through a given length of rock [16].		View
transition zone	1. Portion of bedrock in the vadose zone that is between the epikarst zone and the phreatic zone, is relatively ...		View
transmissibility coefficient	The use of the term transmissibility has been replaced by transmissivity [22]. See transmissivity.		View
transmission capacity	The property of a porous medium to conduct fluid [16].		View

Glossary references