Glossary of Karst and Cave Terms

Field, M.S., 1999, A lexicon of cave and karst terminology with special reference to environmental karst hydrology: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, EPA/600/R-99/006, 201 p.

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Term	Description
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stomatal transpiration	The transpiration by escape of water through pores (stomata) of leaves [16].		View
stone forest	See shilin.		View
stoping	The upward migration of the ceiling in a passage or room by the action of slabs falling [13].		View
storage capacity	1. The ability of an aquifer to store water [16]. 2. The capacity of rivers to store water in their ...		View
storage coefficient	1. The volume of water an aquifer releases from or takes into storage per unit surface area of the aquifer ...		View
storage gage	A precipitation gage for collecting and storing the total amount of inflowing water to be read at long intervals [16].		View
storage in depressions	Water retention in surface depressions [16].		View
storativity	See storage coefficient.		View
storm	1. A disturbance of average meteorological conditions and usually connected with precipitation [16]. 2. A period of precipitation over a ...		View
strath terrace	An erosional remnant of an elevated broad river valley [16].		View
stratification	1. A depositional structure of sedimentary rocks in beds and layers [16]. 2. The separation into non-discrete layers of water ...		View
stratigraphic column	A graphic means of representing the various rock types of an area in a geologic report [13].		View
stratigraphic sequence	The sequence of rock types in an area [13].		View
stratum	A sedimentary bed or layer [16].		View
straw stalactite; straw	1. The simplest form of stalactite - a fragile, thin walled tube, normally of calcite, which is the diameter of ...		View
stream	A body of flowing water [16].		View
stream bed	The bottom of a stream covered by water [16].		View
stream development	The ratio of actual tortuous stream length between two points on a straight line connecting these points [16].		View
stream flow	The total runoff confined in a stream and its' channel [16].		View
stream frequency	Channel frequency; the number of stream segments per unit area [16].		View
stream order	The hierarchic order of stream segments according to tributaries [16].		View
stream profile	The elevation of the main stream bed as a function of distance from outflow.		View
stream sink, streamsink	Point at which a surface stream sinks into the ground [10]. See also doline; ponor; sink; sinkhole; sumidero; swallet; swallow ...		View
stream tube	1. A cave passage completely filled, now or in the past, with fastmoving water and whose ceiling and walls normally ...		View
streamline	A curve that is everywhere tangent to the specific discharge vector and indicates the direction of flow at every point ...		View
streamtube	A cave passage completely filled, or formerly filled, with fast-moving water and whose ceiling and walls normally possess scallops [10].		View
strength	The maximum stress which a material can resist without failing for any given type of loading.		View
stress	The force acting across a given surface element divided by the area of the element.		View
stress, applied	The downward stress imposed at an aquifer boundary. It differs from effective stress in that it defines only the external ...		View
stress, effective	Stress (pressure) that is borne by and transmitted through the grain-to-grain contacts of a deposit, and thus affects its porosity ...		View

Glossary references