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anglesite
A cave mineral - PbSO4 [11].
angular
The property of unconsolidated grains with sharp edges [16].
angular unconformity
A geological unconformity with marked difference in dip of the superimposed series [16].
anhydride
Anhydrous calcium sulfate, CaSO4 [16].
anion
A negatively charged ion that migrates to an anode, as in electrolysis [6].
anion exchange
Ion exchange process in which anions in solution are exchanged for other anions from an ion exchanger [6].
anisotropic
The property of aquifer systems displaying different hydrological properties in different directions [16]. See also anisotropy; anisotropic mass.
anisotropic mass
A mass having different properties in different directions at any given point [22].
anisotropic steering
Anisotropic structures (anisotropies) in the rock like schistosity, inclusions and fractures which can deviate or 'steer' the direction of fractures ...
anisotropy
The condition of having different properties in different directions [22].
annual frost zone
The top layer of ground subject to annual freezing and thawing [16].
annual mean
The mean value taken over all events that have occurred during a year such as precipitation, river stages, watertable levels ...
annulus
The annular space between drill pipe and casing or between casing and the borehole wall [16].
anomaly
The deviation from normally expected findings, especially in exploration geophysics indicating a change in subsurface environmental conditions [16].
antecedent precipitation index
A precipitation index that is based on the amount of previous precipitations [16].
antecedent stream
A stream having established its course before occurrence of orogenic events that would later alter the general drainage pattern [16].
antecedent-soil moisture
The degree of water saturation in the soil prior to a precipitation event [16].
antenna
(plural antennae). A feeler; an appendage, sensory in function, that occurs in pairs on the heads of crustaceans, insects, and ...
anthodite
1. Radiating crystals of aragonite, mostly sharp needles 1-20 mm long. They occur sporadically in some caves but they may ...
anthropocentric definitions
Definitions of caves or parts of caves that include accessibility by human explorers as one of their limiting conditions. Most ...
anticlinal valley
A valley that is established along the axis of an eroded anticline [16].
anticline
Upfolded stratum [16].
aphthitalite
A cave mineral - (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2 [11].
apparent ground-water velocity
See specific discharge.
appendage
An arm or other limb that branches from an animal's body [23].
approach segment
That part of a hydrograph curve before onset of precipitation [16]. See also hydrograph.
apron
A smooth bulging mass of flowstone covering sloping projections from walls of caves or limestone cliffs [10].
aquatic
Living in water. Aquatic cave animals include amphipods, isopods, crayfish, planarians, fish, and blind salamanders [23]. See also terrestrial; marine.
aqueduct
A conduit to convey water, usually above ground [16].
aquiclude
A formation which, although porous and capable of storing water, does not transmit it at rates sufficient to furnish an ...